Practical Linux troubleshooting notes for boot, storage, permissions, processes, and system issues.
If umount reports that a CD, USB drive, or other removable filesystem is busy, first find out which process is still using the mount point. Killing processes blindly can cause data loss or interrupt unrelated work. Find what is using the mount fuser -vm /mount/point lsof +D /mount/point Close shells, file managers, editors, or applications … Read more
Modern notes on customising the GRUB 2 boot menu, themes, /etc/default/grub, and safely regenerating bootloader configuration.
The message target is busy means some process still has a file, directory, or working directory open on the filesystem you are trying to unmount. Common causes A terminal is currently inside the mount point. A file manager has the directory open. An editor or media player still has a file open. A background process … Read more
Linux has two common ways to search for files: find, which searches the filesystem directly, and locate, which searches a prebuilt filename database. Use find for current results find /path -name ‘filename’ find /path -iname ‘*.log’ find reflects the current filesystem state and supports filters for type, size, owner, modification time, permissions, and more. Use … Read more
Legacy notes on the LILO bootloader and the modern GRUB, systemd-boot, and UEFI tools that replaced it on most Linux systems.
Before mounting, resizing or troubleshooting storage, first check how disks, partitions and filesystems are arranged on the system. List block devices Show filesystem types Check mounted filesystems These commands are safer first steps than editing partition tables directly. Confirm the device name carefully before running any command that changes storage.
How to find, mount and safely unmount drives in Linux.