hdparm can display disk parameters and run simple read-performance checks. Some write options can be risky, so use read-only commands unless you are sure of the device and impact.
Show disk information
sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda
Run a basic read test
sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
Replace /dev/sda with the correct device name for your system. Check devices first with lsblk.
lsblk