dpkg is the lower-level package tool used by Debian-based Linux systems. It works directly with .deb files and the installed package database. Install a local .deb file If dependencies are missing, fix them with: List installed packages Check whether a package is installed Find which package owns a file For normal package installation from repositories, … Read more
SSH key-based login lets you connect to a remote server without typing the account password each time. It is also the preferred approach for automation, scripts and secure administration. Create an SSH key Use a passphrase unless the key is specifically for controlled automation. Copy the public key to the server Test the login Where … Read more
Windows network shares can be accessed from Linux using CIFS/SMB. This is useful when a Linux machine needs to read or write files on a Windows share or NAS. Install CIFS tools Create a mount point Mount the share manually You will normally be prompted for the password. Avoid putting passwords directly into commands or … Read more
A concise SSH how-to covering secure remote login, keys, custom ports, host-key checks, and basic troubleshooting.
apt-get is a command-line package tool used on Debian-based Linux systems. It is commonly used to install, update, remove and search for software packages. Update package information This refreshes the local package index. It does not upgrade packages by itself. Install a package Remove a package Upgrade installed packages On modern systems, apt is often … Read more
Legacy note explaining why old Samba Primary Domain Controller setups should be treated carefully today.
To understand a Linux system’s network configuration, check its addresses, routes, DNS settings, and listening services. Older commands such as ifconfig and route still appear in historical documentation, but the ip command is preferred on modern systems. IP addresses and interfaces ip addr ip link Routes and default gateway ip route DNS configuration cat /etc/resolv.conf … Read more
The tac command prints a file from bottom to top. It is similar to cat, but it reverses the order of lines. Basic use This can be useful when reading logs or text files where the newest lines are at the end. Example with a log file For large log files, tools like tail, less, … Read more
Practical first steps for recovering deleted files on Linux, including stopping writes, imaging the device, recovery tools, and SSD/TRIM limitations.
umount detaches a mounted filesystem from the Linux directory tree. It is commonly used for USB drives, external disks, network mounts and temporary mount points. Check mounted filesystems Unmount by mount point This unmounts the filesystem currently attached at /mnt/backup. When the device is busy If unmounting fails with a busy message, check which process … Read more